@article{Flowers_Bressmann_2009, title={Acoustic correlates of neutral versus angry affect in real and non-word sentences}, volume={37}, url={https://jcaa.caa-aca.ca/index.php/jcaa/article/view/2184}, abstractNote={A study was conducted to identify changes in three acoustic parameters when participants adopted a hot angry affective state. It investigated changes in fundamental frequency, amplitude, and nasalance in two sentence types. These two sentence types included a real oral sentence and a non-word balanced sentence. It was assumed that mean fundamental frequency (f0) and sound pressure level (SPL) were to increase in sentences spoken with a hot angry affect. Nasalance was expected to decrease with a hot angry affect. It was assumed that synergistic recruitment of velopharyngeal muscles was to result in a tighter velopharyngeal port closure and less transmission of acoustic energy through the nasal passage. The study recruited 10 speakers from the University of Toronto, Canada to conduct the investigations.}, number={3}, journal={Canadian Acoustics}, author={Flowers, Heather and Bressmann, Tim}, year={2009}, month={Sep.}, pages={162–163} }