Auditory Functions of the Peripheral Hearing System and the Common Conditions Affecting Sound Conduction
Mots-clés :
système auditif, anatomie, physiologie, conduction mécanique, pathologiesRésumé
Le système auditif périphérique combine une transmission mécanique et électrique via les différentes structures de l’oreille externe, moyenne et interne. L’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé estime que 6,1% de la population présente une atteinte auditive bilatérale. Cet article résume le rôle des différentes composantes du système auditif périphérique et présente les causes les plus communes de perte auditive touchant la transmission mécanique des sons chez l’humain. Quelques causes fréquentes d’atteinte auditive touchant la transmission neurale sont aussi abordées. Plus précisément, l’occlusion du conduit auditif externe, l’otite externe (dans le cas où l’enflure est si importante qu’elle bloque le conduit auditif), la dysfonction tubaire (trompe d’Eustache), l’otite moyenne séreuse et aiguë, la perforation tympanique, le cholestéatome, la discontinuité ossiculaire, l’otosclérose, la maladie de Ménière, la presbyacousie et la perte auditive causée par l’exposition au bruit sont brièvement abordés dans cet article afin de sensibiliser l’ensemble de la communauté de l’Acoustique Canadienne à ces problèmes et pathologies.
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